Actividad antifúngica y antiaflatoxigénica de extractos de melissa officinalis (lamiaceae) sobre aspergillus flavus | Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of extracts of melissa officinalis (lamiaceae) on aspergillus flavus
Resumen
Debido a que el uso de fungicidas en los cultivos agrícolas ha provocado el desarrollo de resistencia fúngica, contaminación ambiental y riesgos de salud pública, se ha estudiado la actividad antifúngica de los extractos de plantas silvestres, para la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas en el control de hongos y sus micotoxinas. Es por ello que el objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la actividad antifúngica y antiaflatoxigénica de extractos de toronjil (Melissa officinalis) sobre Aspergillus flavus. Se obtuvieron extractos de Melissa officinalis utilizando etanol al 80,00%, y luego de evaporado el alcohol, se prepararon soluciones acuosas para los ensayos y, a partir de éstos, se determinó: (a) la actividad antifúngica de los extractos, (b) la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de los extractos sobre Aspergillus flavus y (c) la actividad antiaflatoxigénica utilizando el método de enzima inmunoensayo competitivo (ELISA). Los resultados obtenidos de la actividad antifúngica mostraron que los extractos produjeron en promedio halos de inhibición de 22 mm sobre el hongo ensayado. Así mismo, presentó una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 23,30 mg/mL. El extracto redujo las concentraciones de aflatoxinas de 5, 15 y 45 μg/kg en un 96,60%, 85,33% y 84,71%, respectivamente. En conclusión, los extractos de Melissa officinalis mostraron actividad antifúngica y antiaflatoxigénica sobre Aspergillus flavus, inhibiendo en gran parte su crecimiento y reduciendo significativamente las concentraciones de aflatoxinas.
Palabras clave: Extractos naturales, hongos contaminantes, aflatoxinas.
ABSTRACT
Because the use of fungicides in agricultural crops has led to the development of fungal resistance, environmental pollution and public health hazards, the antifungal activity of the extracts from wild plants has been studied, seekingnew alternatives in the control of fungi and mycotoxins. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of extracts of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) on Aspergillus flavus. Extracts of Melissa officinalis were obtained using ethanol 80.00%, and after the alcohol evaporated, aqueous solutions were prepared for testing, and from them it was determined: (a) the antifungal activity of the extracts, (b) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts on Aspergillus flavus and (c) antiaflatoxigenic activity using the method of competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The results of the antifungal activity showed that the extracts produced averaged halos of inhibition of 22 mm on the fungus tested. It also presented a minimum inhibitory concentration of 23.30 mg/mL. The extract reduced aflatoxin concentrations of 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg in a 90.60%, 85.33% and 84.71%, respectively. In conclusion, Melissa officinalis extracts showed antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity on Aspergillus flavus, largely inhibiting its growth and significantly reducing aflatoxin concentrations.
Key words: Natural extracts, contaminants fungi, aflatoxins.
Palabras clave: Extractos naturales, hongos contaminantes, aflatoxinas.
ABSTRACT
Because the use of fungicides in agricultural crops has led to the development of fungal resistance, environmental pollution and public health hazards, the antifungal activity of the extracts from wild plants has been studied, seekingnew alternatives in the control of fungi and mycotoxins. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of extracts of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) on Aspergillus flavus. Extracts of Melissa officinalis were obtained using ethanol 80.00%, and after the alcohol evaporated, aqueous solutions were prepared for testing, and from them it was determined: (a) the antifungal activity of the extracts, (b) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts on Aspergillus flavus and (c) antiaflatoxigenic activity using the method of competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The results of the antifungal activity showed that the extracts produced averaged halos of inhibition of 22 mm on the fungus tested. It also presented a minimum inhibitory concentration of 23.30 mg/mL. The extract reduced aflatoxin concentrations of 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg in a 90.60%, 85.33% and 84.71%, respectively. In conclusion, Melissa officinalis extracts showed antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity on Aspergillus flavus, largely inhibiting its growth and significantly reducing aflatoxin concentrations.
Key words: Natural extracts, contaminants fungi, aflatoxins.
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