Valores del perfil lipídico, presión arterial e índices ct/c-hdl y c-ldl/c-hdl como factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños de una escuela básica del estado Bolivar, Venezuela | Lipidic profile level, blood pressure, tc/c-hdl and c-ldl/c-hdl as cardiovascular risk factor in children from an elementary school of Bolivar state, Venezuela
Resumen
La aterosclerosis y la enfermedad coronaria son alteraciones del sistema circulatorio, que se inician en la infancia, evolucionando de forma asintomática hasta la edad adulta y constituyen la primera causa de muerte en países desarrollados con cifras de casi 50%. Por ello, se efectuó este estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal para realizar un diagnóstico precoz, con el propósito de minimizar el riesgo a desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares en la vida adulta de 139 niños, con edades comprendidas entre 7 y 14 años, de la Escuela Básica Nacional “José Luis Afanador”, ubicada en Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Se tomaron muestras de sangre periférica en ayuno y se determinaron los valores de colesterol total, triglicéridos y colesterol HDL, mientras que valores de colesteroles VLDL y LDL fueron calculados mediante la ecuación de Friedewald. La presión arterial se midió en dos ocasiones utilizando su valor promedio para estimar la misma, así como también se determinó peso y talla para calcular el IMC. Los resultados reflejaron que el 72,66% (n = 101) de los niños presentaron valores de triglicéridos dentro del intervalo de referencia, mientras que el resto de los niños (27,34%; n = 38) mostraron hipertrigliceridemia, con valores promedio de CT/C-HDL y C-LDL/C-HDL de 3,26 y 1,78 respectivamente. La presión arterial se encontró dentro de los valores referenciales para cada percentil de talla, edad cronológica y sexo, con alteración en 5,04% de los individuos. Se encontró una relación lineal positiva y significativa de presión arterial con CT, C-LDL; con índices aterogénicos CT/C-HDL y C-LDL/C-HDL de 18,71% y 20,14%, respectivamente, lo cual se relaciona a niveles asociados al riesgo cardiovascular.
Palabras clave: Enfermedad aterosclerótica, lipoproteínas.
ABSTRACT
Atherosclerosis and coronary disease are circulatory system impairments, with childhood onset. This condition progresses without symptoms until adulthood, representing the first cause of death in developed countries with values of almost 50 percent. This descriptive, prospective and cross sectional work was an attempt to perform early diagnostic to minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life of 139 children, with ages between 7 to 14 years old, from Escuela Básica Nacional “José Luis Afanador” in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Blood samples were collected during fasting and values of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were determined. The levels of LDL-C, VLDL-C were calculated with the Friedewald equation. Blood pressure was collected in two occasions , and an average of it was used, while the height and weight were determined to calculate BMI. It was found that 72.66 % (n=101) of children had normal triglycerides levels while the remaining 27.34 percent (n=38) have hypertrygliceridemia, with average CT/C-HDL and C-LDL/C-HDL values of 3.26 and 1.78, respectively. Blood pressure was in the normal range for each percentile of height, chronologic age and sex, and only 5.04 percent of individuals had altered values. A significant and positive linear relationship was found between blood pressure and TC, C-LDL, and aterogenic indices TC/C-HDL, C-LDL/C-HDL of 18.71 % and 20.14 %, respectively; these results are associated to cardiovascular risk.
Key words: Atherosclerotic disease, lipoproteins.
Palabras clave: Enfermedad aterosclerótica, lipoproteínas.
ABSTRACT
Atherosclerosis and coronary disease are circulatory system impairments, with childhood onset. This condition progresses without symptoms until adulthood, representing the first cause of death in developed countries with values of almost 50 percent. This descriptive, prospective and cross sectional work was an attempt to perform early diagnostic to minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life of 139 children, with ages between 7 to 14 years old, from Escuela Básica Nacional “José Luis Afanador” in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Blood samples were collected during fasting and values of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were determined. The levels of LDL-C, VLDL-C were calculated with the Friedewald equation. Blood pressure was collected in two occasions , and an average of it was used, while the height and weight were determined to calculate BMI. It was found that 72.66 % (n=101) of children had normal triglycerides levels while the remaining 27.34 percent (n=38) have hypertrygliceridemia, with average CT/C-HDL and C-LDL/C-HDL values of 3.26 and 1.78, respectively. Blood pressure was in the normal range for each percentile of height, chronologic age and sex, and only 5.04 percent of individuals had altered values. A significant and positive linear relationship was found between blood pressure and TC, C-LDL, and aterogenic indices TC/C-HDL, C-LDL/C-HDL of 18.71 % and 20.14 %, respectively; these results are associated to cardiovascular risk.
Key words: Atherosclerotic disease, lipoproteins.
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