Estrategia de enfermería para disminuir los niveles de ansiedad en pacientes sometidos a intervención quirúrgica en el Hospital Universitario Antonio Patricio de Alcalá, Cumana, Venezuela | Nursing strategy to decrease the levels of anxiety in patients undergoing surgery at the university Hospital Antonio Patricio de Alcalá, Cumana, Venezuela
Resumen
Se presenta un estudio comparativo con la finalidad de evaluar las estrategias de enfermería para disminuir los niveles de ansiedad en pacientes de la Unidad de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario “Antonio Patricio de Alcalá” (HUAPA), Cumaná, Venezuela. Se estudiaron 60 pacientes, divididos en dos grupos: 30 recibieron un programa educativo sobre el proceso operatorio (grupo experimental) y 30 no lo recibieron (grupo control). Para cuantificar la efectividad de las acciones de enfermería, se aplicó el “test de ansiedad de Beck” a ambos grupos. Los resultados evidenciaron disminución de los niveles de ansiedad en los pacientes experimentales; 56,6% no presentaron ansiedad, en comparación con los pacientes controles. El tipo de ansiedad predominante fue el de ansiedad leve (63,3%) para pacientes controles, mientras que, para los experimentales fue de 43,3%. Esto evidencia los beneficios del programa educativo implementado por enfermería en los pacientes quirúrgicos. Se recomienda mantener la educación para la salud a este tipo de pacientes, para prevenir el impacto del proceso salud-enfermedad, asociados a situaciones de estrés, temor, ansiedad y otros problemas que alteran la salud e integridad biopsicosocial de estos pacientes.
Palabras clave: Educación para la salud.
ABSTRACT
A comparative study was undertaken in order to evaluate nursing strategies to reduce anxiety levels in patients of the surgery unit of the University Hospital “Antonio Patricio de Alcalá” (HUAPA), Cumaná, Venezuela. Sixty patients were studied, divided into 2 groups: 30 received an educational program on the surgery process (experimental group) and 30 did not receive it (control group). To quantify the effectiveness of nursing actions undertaken, the “Beck anxiety test” was applied to both groups. The results showed a decrease in levels of anxiety in the experimental patients, since 56.6% of them did not show anxiety, compared to control patients. The type of anxiety most predominant was mild anxiety (63.3%) for control patients, while for experimental patients it was 43.3%. This evidence the benefits of the educational program on patients implemented by the nursing servive. It is recommended to keep the health education program in surgical patients, to prevent the impact of the health-disease process, associated with situations of stress, fear, anxiety, and other problems which alter the health and biopsychosocial integrity of these patients.
Key words: Education for health.
Palabras clave: Educación para la salud.
ABSTRACT
A comparative study was undertaken in order to evaluate nursing strategies to reduce anxiety levels in patients of the surgery unit of the University Hospital “Antonio Patricio de Alcalá” (HUAPA), Cumaná, Venezuela. Sixty patients were studied, divided into 2 groups: 30 received an educational program on the surgery process (experimental group) and 30 did not receive it (control group). To quantify the effectiveness of nursing actions undertaken, the “Beck anxiety test” was applied to both groups. The results showed a decrease in levels of anxiety in the experimental patients, since 56.6% of them did not show anxiety, compared to control patients. The type of anxiety most predominant was mild anxiety (63.3%) for control patients, while for experimental patients it was 43.3%. This evidence the benefits of the educational program on patients implemented by the nursing servive. It is recommended to keep the health education program in surgical patients, to prevent the impact of the health-disease process, associated with situations of stress, fear, anxiety, and other problems which alter the health and biopsychosocial integrity of these patients.
Key words: Education for health.
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