Determinantes de la innovación en el sector fotovoltaico: un análisis de políticas públicas | Determinants of innovation in the photovoltaic sector: an analysis of public policies

Carlos Norbeto-Reyes; Claudia González-Brambila; Yasuhiro Matsumoto

Determinantes de la innovación en el sector fotovoltaico: un análisis de políticas públicas | Determinants of innovation in the photovoltaic sector: an analysis of public policies

Carlos Norbeto-Reyes, Claudia González-Brambila, Yasuhiro Matsumoto

Resumen

En el presente estudio se identifican factores de la innovación que han tenido un impacto en el desarrollo del sector fotovoltaico. Considerando una muestra de 15 países entre 1992 y 2011, se encontró que la aplicación de los instrumentos de política pública, como: tarifa de retroalimentación, los subsidios directos al capital y los fondos de inversión, promueven la innovación en este sector. Además, la variación de precios de los módulos fotovoltaicos muestra una correlación inversa con el número de patentes internacionales, el efecto mayor se obtiene con un periodo de rezago de dos años. La cantidad de reservas de petróleo y las exportaciones de energía eléctrica con un rezago de dos años también favorecen la innovación en el sector fotovoltaico.

Palabras clave: Análisis de patentes, energía renovable, transición energética, tecnología fotovoltaica.

ABSTRACT

This study presents the innovation factors that have had an impact in the development of photovoltaic sector. Using a sample of 15 countries and data from 1992 to 2011, it was found that the application of public policy instruments, like: feed-in tariff, direct capital subsidies and investment funds have promoted innovation in the photovoltaic sector. Moreover, the deployment of the photovoltaic module price shows an inverse correlation with the number of international patents and the greatest effect is obtained with a time lag of two years. The quantity of oil reserves and the quantity of electricity exports with a lag of two years have also fostered innovation in the photovoltaic sector.

Key words: Patents analysis, renewable energy, energy transition, photovoltaic technology.

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