Aplicación de índices de estado trófico en la laguna costera tropical las Marites (isla de Margarita, Venezuela) |   Trophic status index applied in the coastal tropical lagoon las Marites (Margarita island, Venezuela)

Fabiola López Monroy; Luis Troccoli-Ghinaglia

Aplicación de índices de estado trófico en la laguna costera tropical las Marites (isla de Margarita, Venezuela) | Trophic status index applied in the coastal tropical lagoon las Marites (Margarita island, Venezuela)

Fabiola López Monroy, Luis Troccoli-Ghinaglia

Resumen

RESUMEN

Los índices de estado trófico son importantes herramientas usadas en ecología para establecer clasificaciones tróficas, ya que son robustos y proveen información apropiada para implementar criterios de manejo de la zona costera. Con el objetivo de diagnosticar el estado trófico de una laguna costera tropical hipersalina denominada Las Marites, ubicada al Sur de la Isla de Margarita, Venezuela, fueron aplicados los índices de Karidys y TRIX aunado a comparaciones con valores referenciales. Para ello, se usaron datos previamente publicados de la concentración de nitrato, nitrito, amonio, fosfato, clorofila a y oxígeno disuelto en la capa superficial del agua. Los resultados mostraron que la laguna de Las Marites presenta características nutricionales de ambientes eutróficos. Sin embargo, esto no implica que exista un proceso de eutrofización, al menos en etapas intermedias o avanzadas, ya que no se observaron los principales síntomas de este proceso, como serían cambios en la coloración del agua debido al crecimiento algal masivo. Probablemente, esto sea debido a las condiciones hidrodinámicas y morfológicas que posee la laguna, las cuales permiten una renovación rápida del agua y a los complejos procesos químicos que ocurren en lagunas hipersalinas. Solo se observaron ligeras alteraciones (incremento de la turbiedad) en el sector occidental. No se observaron variaciones estacionales, por lo que se evidencia que la precipitación no altera las condiciones tróficas de la laguna. Temporalmente, se observó una tendencia al desmejoramiento de su estado trófico.

Palabras clave: Karidys TRIX, nutrientes, eutrofización.

ABSTRACT

Trophic state indices are important tools used in ecology to establish trophic classifications as they are robust and provide appropriate information to implement coastal zone management criteria. In order to diagnose the trophic status of a hypersaline tropical coastal lagoon called Las Marites, located in southern Margarita island, Venezuela, the Karidys and TRIX indices were applied, combined with comparisons with reference values. Historical data of concentration of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen in surface water level were used. The results showed that Las Marites lagoon has nutritional characteristics of eutrophic environments. However, this does not imply that there is a process of eutrophication, at least at intermediate or advanced stages, since the main symptoms of this process, water coloration due to massive algal growth, were not observed. Probably, this is due to the particular hydrodynamic and morphological conditions of this lagoon, which allow rapid renewal of the water and the complex chemical processes that occur within hypersaline lagoons. Only slight alterations were observed in the western sector. There were no seasonal changes, so that precipitation does not alter the trophic conditions of the lagoon. Temporarily, a tendency to deterioration of the trophic state was observed.

Key words: Karidys, TRIX, nutrients, eutrophication.

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