El impresionante universo de los venenos, su variabilidad bioquímica, hemostática y tóxica en las serpientes (Serpentes: Viperidae) Porthidium y Bothrops | The impressive universe of the venoms, their biochemical, haemostatic and toxic variability in Porthidium and Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae) snakes

María E. Pineda, Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta

Resumen


Los síntomas del envenenamiento ofídico ocasionado por las serpientes de los géneros Porthidium y Bothrops, son el resultado de la combinación de efectos de las diversas toxinas y enzimas que componen el veneno de la especie involucrada. La composición de los venenos de serpientes está sometida a gran variabilidad, lo que constituye un aspecto muy importante a considerar en la investigación de su composición, efectos tóxicos, bioquímicos y hemostáticos, así como en el manejo del cuadro clínico de los pacientes envenenados y en el desarrollo de antivenenos eficaces. Cada veneno de una especie de serpiente constituye una mezcla única de péptidos y proteínas elegidas por selección natural para actuar sobre los sistemas vitales de sus presas. Estas diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas entre venenos se presentan a nivel de familias, géneros, especies e inclusive intra-especies.

 

Palabras clave: Hemostasia, mapanares, toxinas, antivenenos.

 

ABSTRACT

 

The symptoms of the ophidian envenoming caused by snakes of the genera Porthidium and Bothrops, are the result of the combination of effects of the various toxins and enzymes that make up the venom of the species involved. The composition of snake venoms is subject to great variability, which is a very important aspect to conside, in the investigation of its composition, toxic efects, biochemical and haemostatic effects, as well as in the management of the clinical picture of envenomed patients and in the development of effective antivenoms. Each venom of a viper species constitutes a unique mixture of peptides and proteins chosen by natural selection to act on the vital systems of its prey. These qualitative and quantitative differences between venoms exist at the level of families, genera, species and even intra-species.

 

Key words: Haemostasis, mapanares, toxins, antivenoms.


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