Tecnología agronómica de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacq,) y manejo integrado de su defoliador Opsiphanes cassina Felder (Lepidoptera: Brassolidae) en plantaciones comerciales del estado Monagas, Venezuela | Agricultural technology of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq,) and integrated management of its defoliator Opsiphanes cassina Felder (Lepidoptera: Brassolidae) in commercial plantations at Monagas State, Venezuela
Resumen
En este trabajo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre la tecnología agronómica actualmente empleada en el cultivo de la palma aceitera y se introducen innovaciones de manejo integrado de Opsiphanes cassina Felder (gusano de las palmeras) como producto de investigación realizada en el estado Monagas, Venezuela. En el programa de manejo agronómico los aspectos revisados son fertilización, poda, cosecha, control de malezas y la practica del riego. Para los lineamientos del manejo integrado de O cassina, particularmente son tratados aspectos bioecologicos, el cual incluye la biología del insecto, método de muestreo, nivel critico y daños, así como también el estudio de las poblaciones y dentro de las estrategias de control son examinados los métodos empleados tales como: mecánico, etológico, biológico natural y el control químico. Se introduce un cronograma grafico donde se esquematizan las labores agronómicas y las recomendaciones de manejo integrado de la plaga.
Palabras claves: Elaeis guineensis, Opsiphanes cassina, manejo integrado de plagas, fertilización, control de malezas.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a review of the literature on agricultural technology currently employed in the cultivation of oil palm and introducing integrated management innovations of Opsiphanes cassina (split-banded owlet) as a product of research conducted in the state of Monagas, Venezuela. In the program of agronomic management the aspects fertilization, pruning, harvesting, weed control and irrigation practices are reviewed. Guidelines for integrated management of O cassina,
particularly bio-ecological aspects are treated, which includes insect biology, sampling method, the critical level and damages, and also the study of populations. Among the control strategies, used methods such as mechanical, behavioral, natural biological and chemical control are examined. A graphic chronogram which outlines the agricultural labors and recommendations for integrated pest management is introduced.
Key words: Elaeis guineensis, Opsiphanes cassina, integrated pest management, fertilization, weed control
Palabras claves: Elaeis guineensis, Opsiphanes cassina, manejo integrado de plagas, fertilización, control de malezas.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a review of the literature on agricultural technology currently employed in the cultivation of oil palm and introducing integrated management innovations of Opsiphanes cassina (split-banded owlet) as a product of research conducted in the state of Monagas, Venezuela. In the program of agronomic management the aspects fertilization, pruning, harvesting, weed control and irrigation practices are reviewed. Guidelines for integrated management of O cassina,
particularly bio-ecological aspects are treated, which includes insect biology, sampling method, the critical level and damages, and also the study of populations. Among the control strategies, used methods such as mechanical, behavioral, natural biological and chemical control are examined. A graphic chronogram which outlines the agricultural labors and recommendations for integrated pest management is introduced.
Key words: Elaeis guineensis, Opsiphanes cassina, integrated pest management, fertilization, weed control
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