Extractos vegetales y aceites minerales como alternativa de control de mosca blanca (Bemisia spp.) en berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) en el Valle de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México | Plant extracts and mineral oils as alternative against of whiteflies (Bemisia spp.) in eggplant (Solanum melogena L.) at the Culiacan Valley, Sinaloa, México

Resumen

Se evaluaron los productos de extractos vegetales (Biogarlic®, Extranatural® y Neem®) y los aceites minerales (Saf-TSide
®, Nu-Film®) con un testigo absoluto, para controlar Bemisia spp. en Solanum melongena L., en la agrícola San Nicos
ubicada en el kilómetro 10 de la carretera 20 en el valle de Culiacán Sinaloa, México, en el ciclo 2001-2002. Se utilizó un
diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, evaluando las variables de poblaciones de adultos, ninfas y
huevecillos de Bemisia spp. a través del análisis de varianza y pruebas de comparación de medias (DMS). Los productos se
aplicaron dos veces por semana y se tomaron los datos de campo y laboratorio en las fechas 10, 17 y 24 de marzo del 2002.
En adultos se observó que, Extranatural y Saf-T-Side no difirieron entre ellos, también se observó que el Nu-Film y el
Neem no difirieron, después aparece Biogarlic. En ninfas se observó que Extranatural, Saf-T-Side y Nu-Film no difirieron
entre ellos; sin embargo Nu-Film no difiere de Neem, después aparece Biogarlic. En la etapa de huevecillo se observó
estadísticamente que Extranatural y Saf-T-Side no difirieron, sin embargo Nu-Film, Neem y Biogarlic no difieren entre
ellos. El análisis de varianza mostró diferencia altamente significativa entre los tratamientos para el número adultos, ninfas
y huevecillos de mosca blanca por hoja. Los resultados de este ensayo demuestran que todos los tratamientos difirieron
estadísticamente del testigo. Los productos de extractos vegetales y aceites minerales como Extranatural and Safe-T-Side
son productos que reducen las poblaciones de mosca blanca y pueden utilizarse exitosamente como alternativa de manejo
integrado.

Palabras clave: Extractos vegetales, Bemisia spp. Solanum melongena

ABSTRACT

Plant extracts (Biogarlic®, Extranatural®, Neem®) and mineral oils (Saf-T-Side®, Nu-Film®) were evaluated to control
whiteflies (Bemisia spp) in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). The experiment was established at the San Nicos farm
located in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mex., during the agricultural cycle 2001-2002. Treatments were arranged in a randomized
complete block design. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Adult, nymphs and eggs of whiteflies were evaluated using
ANOVA analysis. Treatment means were compared using DMS. Plant extracts and mineral oils were sprayed twice per
week. Field and laboratory data were taken on March 10, 17, and 24. The analysis of adult populations showed that
Extranatural and Saf-T-Side were similar. Nu-Film and Neem did not show statistical differences. In nymph number
analysis, Extranatural, Saf-T-Side and Nu-Film were similar, however, Nu-Film was also similar to Neem. In the egg stage,
Extranatural and Saf-T-Side were similar and Nu-Film, Neem, and Biogarlic did not show statistical differences. ANOVA
showed significant differences between treatments when numbers of adults, nymphs and eggs were analyzed. Results from
this experiment showed that all treatments were significantly different from the control treatment. It was concluded that
mineral oils and plant extracts such as Extranatural and Safe-T-Side are products that reduced the whitefly populations and
can be used as an alternative in integrated pest management.

Key words: Plan extracts, Bemisia ssp. Solanum melongena