Fluctuación poblacional de las fases inmaduras de Opsiphanes cassina Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en palma aceitera, estado Monagas, Venezuela | Population fluctuation of the immature stages of Opsiphanes cassina Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in palm oil, Monagas State, Venezuela
Resumen
Con el propósito de determinar la fluctuación poblacional de las fases inmaduras de Opsiphanes cassina Felder y realizar observaciones sobre sus enemigos naturales, se instaló un ensayo en la Agropecuaria “El Águila” de la Empresa Palmonagas, ubicada en el municipio Maturín del estado Monagas, Venezuela. Las evaluaciones se realizaron entre agosto
2001 y agosto de 2002, a intervalos semanales. Se seccionó la hoja número 25 de dos árboles/ha en un lote de 10 ha de palma aceitera para cuantificar el número de huevos, larvas pequeñas (I, II y III instar), larvas grandes (IV y V instar) y pupas. Ocurrieron seis generaciones del insecto durante el año, determinándose solapamiento de las fases inmaduras del insecto con las generaciones de adultos de O. cassina. En una generación de adultos pueden presentarse todas las fases del
insecto, con la particularidad que los huevos y larvas pequeñas por lo general ocurren en las primeras semanas de iniciarse la generación, mientras que las larvas grandes y las pupas se presentan en las semanas finales. La mayor abundancia de huevos de O. cassina se detectó de septiembre a noviembre. Las larvas están presentes durante todo el año. Las mayores densidades de larvas pequeñas se registraron en los meses de junio, agosto y septiembre en presencia de adultos, mientras
que la mayor cantidad de larvas grandes se encontraron en los meses de septiembre, octubre y junio, usualmente en ausencia de adultos. La presencia de pupas ocurrió durante los periodos agosto a octubre y de mayo a junio. Se observó parasitismo en larvas del quinto instar por Cotesia sp. (Braconidae), en pupas por Conura maculata (Chalcididae) y en huevos por un complejo de especies integrado por Telenomus sp. (Scelionidae), Anastatus sp. (Eupelmidae) y una no identificada de la
familia Eulophidae.
Palabras clave: Elaeis guineensis, comportamiento, generaciones, gusano cabrito
ABSTRACT
In order to determine the population dynamics of the immature stages of Opsiphanes cassina Felder and to make observations on their natural enemies, an investigation was installed in "El Águila", an agricultural farm of Palmonagas Company, located in the municipality of Maturin, Monagas State, Venezuela. Evaluations were conducted between August
2001 and August 2002, at weekly intervals. The leaf number 25 of two trees/ha was sectioned in an area of 10 ha of palm oil in order to quantify the number of eggs, small larvae (I, II and III instar), large larvae (instar IV and V) and pupae. There were six generations of the insect during the year, and overlap of the immature stages with generations of adults of O.
cassina occurred. In a generation of adults, all stages of the insect may be present, with the particularity that eggs and small larvae usually occur in the first weeks of the start of the generation, while large larvae and pupae are present in the final weeks. The highest abundance of eggs of O. cassina was detected from September to November. Larvae are present through out the year. The highest densities of small larvae were recorded in the months of June, August and September in the
presence of adults. The highest population of large larvae were found in the months of September, October and June, usually in the absence of adults. The presence of pupae occurred during the periods of August to October and from May to June. Parasitism was observed in the fifth instar larvae by Cotesia sp. (Braconidae), in pupae by Conura maculata
(Chalcididae) and in eggs by a complex of species composed by Telenomus sp. (Scelionidae), Anastatus sp. (Eupelmidae)
and an unidentified species belonging to the Eulophidae family.
Key words: Elaeis guineensis, behavior, generations, split-banded owlet
2001 y agosto de 2002, a intervalos semanales. Se seccionó la hoja número 25 de dos árboles/ha en un lote de 10 ha de palma aceitera para cuantificar el número de huevos, larvas pequeñas (I, II y III instar), larvas grandes (IV y V instar) y pupas. Ocurrieron seis generaciones del insecto durante el año, determinándose solapamiento de las fases inmaduras del insecto con las generaciones de adultos de O. cassina. En una generación de adultos pueden presentarse todas las fases del
insecto, con la particularidad que los huevos y larvas pequeñas por lo general ocurren en las primeras semanas de iniciarse la generación, mientras que las larvas grandes y las pupas se presentan en las semanas finales. La mayor abundancia de huevos de O. cassina se detectó de septiembre a noviembre. Las larvas están presentes durante todo el año. Las mayores densidades de larvas pequeñas se registraron en los meses de junio, agosto y septiembre en presencia de adultos, mientras
que la mayor cantidad de larvas grandes se encontraron en los meses de septiembre, octubre y junio, usualmente en ausencia de adultos. La presencia de pupas ocurrió durante los periodos agosto a octubre y de mayo a junio. Se observó parasitismo en larvas del quinto instar por Cotesia sp. (Braconidae), en pupas por Conura maculata (Chalcididae) y en huevos por un complejo de especies integrado por Telenomus sp. (Scelionidae), Anastatus sp. (Eupelmidae) y una no identificada de la
familia Eulophidae.
Palabras clave: Elaeis guineensis, comportamiento, generaciones, gusano cabrito
ABSTRACT
In order to determine the population dynamics of the immature stages of Opsiphanes cassina Felder and to make observations on their natural enemies, an investigation was installed in "El Águila", an agricultural farm of Palmonagas Company, located in the municipality of Maturin, Monagas State, Venezuela. Evaluations were conducted between August
2001 and August 2002, at weekly intervals. The leaf number 25 of two trees/ha was sectioned in an area of 10 ha of palm oil in order to quantify the number of eggs, small larvae (I, II and III instar), large larvae (instar IV and V) and pupae. There were six generations of the insect during the year, and overlap of the immature stages with generations of adults of O.
cassina occurred. In a generation of adults, all stages of the insect may be present, with the particularity that eggs and small larvae usually occur in the first weeks of the start of the generation, while large larvae and pupae are present in the final weeks. The highest abundance of eggs of O. cassina was detected from September to November. Larvae are present through out the year. The highest densities of small larvae were recorded in the months of June, August and September in the
presence of adults. The highest population of large larvae were found in the months of September, October and June, usually in the absence of adults. The presence of pupae occurred during the periods of August to October and from May to June. Parasitism was observed in the fifth instar larvae by Cotesia sp. (Braconidae), in pupae by Conura maculata
(Chalcididae) and in eggs by a complex of species composed by Telenomus sp. (Scelionidae), Anastatus sp. (Eupelmidae)
and an unidentified species belonging to the Eulophidae family.
Key words: Elaeis guineensis, behavior, generations, split-banded owlet
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